← Chemistry Lab Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics Simulator

Heat transfer, entropy, and Gibbs free energy visualization.

FPS: --
T System: --
T Surround: --
ΔG: --
ΔS: --
ΔG / ΔS Universe
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Presets

Parameters

Governing Equations

First Law of Thermodynamics: ΔU = q + w ΔU = q (at constant volume) ΔH = q (at constant pressure) Entropy: ΔS = q_rev / T ΔS_universe = ΔS_system + ΔS_surroundings > 0 (spontaneous) Gibbs Free Energy: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS ΔG < 0: spontaneous ΔG = 0: equilibrium ΔG > 0: non-spontaneous Heat Transfer: q = C · ΔT where C = heat capacity Calorimetry: q = m · c · ΔT where m = mass, c = specific heat
Real-World Connection: Thermodynamics governs power plant efficiency, refrigeration cycles, and chemical reaction spontaneity. Engineers use Gibbs free energy to predict whether a reaction will proceed under industrial conditions, while calorimetry is essential for food energy content measurement and material thermal properties characterization.