Ksp, ion product, and precipitation prediction for sparingly soluble salts.
Solubility Product (Ksp):
AB: Ksp = [A⁺][B⁻]
A₂B: Ksp = [A⁺]²[B⁻]
AB₂: Ksp = [A⁺][B⁻]²
Ion Product (Qip):
Same form as Ksp but with initial concentrations
Qip = [A⁺]₀[B⁻]₀ (for AB type)
Precipitation Prediction:
Qip > Ksp: Precipitation occurs (supersaturated)
Qip = Ksp: Saturated solution (at equilibrium)
Qip < Ksp: No precipitation (unsaturated)
Common Ion Effect:
Adding common ion decreases solubility
S = Ksp / [common ion] (for AB type)
Molar Solubility (S):
AB: S = √Ksp
A₂B: S = ∛(Ksp/4)
AB₂: S = ∛(Ksp/4)