← Chemistry Lab Solubility

Solubility Simulator

Ksp, ion product, and precipitation prediction for sparingly soluble salts.

FPS: --
[A⁺]: --
[B⁻]: --
Qip: --
Ksp: --
Qip vs Ksp
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Presets

Parameters

Governing Equations

Solubility Product (Ksp): AB: Ksp = [A⁺][B⁻] A₂B: Ksp = [A⁺]²[B⁻] AB₂: Ksp = [A⁺][B⁻]² Ion Product (Qip): Same form as Ksp but with initial concentrations Qip = [A⁺]₀[B⁻]₀ (for AB type) Precipitation Prediction: Qip > Ksp: Precipitation occurs (supersaturated) Qip = Ksp: Saturated solution (at equilibrium) Qip < Ksp: No precipitation (unsaturated) Common Ion Effect: Adding common ion decreases solubility S = Ksp / [common ion] (for AB type) Molar Solubility (S): AB: S = √Ksp A₂B: S = ∛(Ksp/4) AB₂: S = ∛(Ksp/4)
Real-World Connection: Solubility product calculations are essential for water treatment, kidney stone prevention, and pharmaceutical formulation. Engineers use Ksp to design precipitation reactions for removing heavy metals from wastewater, while doctors use it to understand how dietary factors affect mineral deposition in the body.