← Chemistry Lab Gas Laws

Gas Laws Simulator

Ideal gas behavior, kinetic theory, and particle velocity distribution.

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RMS Velocity
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Governing Equations

Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT R = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) Boyle's Law (constant T, n): P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ → P ∝ 1/V Charles's Law (constant P, n): V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂ → V ∝ T Gay-Lussac's Law (constant V, n): P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂ → P ∝ T RMS Velocity: v_rms = √(3RT/M) where M = molar mass (kg/mol) Kinetic Energy: KE_avg = (3/2)RT (per mole) KE_avg = (3/2)kT (per molecule)
Real-World Connection: Gas laws explain why aerosol cans burst when heated (Gay-Lussac's law), why hot air balloons rise (Charles's law), and why scuba divers must ascend slowly (Boyle's law). Engineers use these principles to design pressure vessels, HVAC systems, and cryogenic storage.